Psychology

Whether these courses have been Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 3:39:33 +0000
We shall turn, therefore, to the next general topic on which psychology is prepared to speak, namely, the psychology of language. The secondary-school curriculum has throughout its his- tory been dominated by language courses. Whether these courses have been given for the sake of acquainting the student with foreign literatures, as in the period of the Renaissance, or for purely disciplinary reasons as during the later period when the cultivation of a Latin style was thought to be the highest form of training; whether the training has been in a foreign language as in earlier days, or largely in the vernacular as at the present time language has, in one form or another, been the favored course of study in all secondary and higher schools.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The practical difficulty arising Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 3:25:50 +0000
If one considers the merely quantitative fact that at the present time about 36 per cent of the courses offered in the secondary schools are courses either in the study of the vernacular or in the study of a foreign language, 1 he recognizes the importance of sound views with regard to this phase of secondary educa- tion. Indeed, it may be said that the proper organization of language courses is, if possible, a problem even more urgent than the problem of organizing algebra and geometry. The practical difficulty arising from student failures is not as great in the language courses as in mathematics.

Autor of the post: Undefined

An American high-school graduate Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 3:10:02 +0000
In some quarters, to be sure, Latin shares with mathematics the doubtful honor of being the course through which freshmen are eliminated from school. The characteristic difficulty that appears in language instruction is the difficulty which arises from the fact that students spend an enormous amount of time on these courses and carry away what is acknowl- edged to be a very meager result. An American high-school graduate who can really read Latin is a very rare product.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The net outcome Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 2:54:25 +0000
In the modern languages students study the courses for two or three years and are not able to read a simple text or understand a simple conversation. Even in the vernac- ular the complaint is heard again and again from English teachers that students who have been studying English all their lives are unable to write a coherent paragraph or to understand even the best-known examples of English classical literature. The net outcome of the time and en- ergy devoted to language is hardly to be compared with the net outcome which is demanded of students in science courses.

Autor of the post: Undefined

Certain it is that many Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 2:41:25 +0000
If students should study the natural sciences for two or three years and at the end of the course have nothing substantial to offer as the outcome of their endeavor, cer- tainly the natural sciences would not be able to maintain themselves in the curriculum. When, accordingly, one hears a teacher of German or French contending that two years is too short a time to accomplish anything for a student in that language, he realizes the necessity of canvassing care- fully the language courses. Certain it is that many students will not be able to spend more than two years on German ; and if the course is not organized at the present time in such a way that these two years will yield a useful result, then there ought to be a reorganization of the course.

Autor of the post: Undefined

English lias, in the present Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 2:23:35 +0000
In classifying English and foreign languages together for the purposes of the following discussion some confusion is undoubtedly created, because in general the instruction which is offered in foreign languages is different in its character and in its purposes from instruction offered in English. On the other hand, there can be no doubt that the large amount of attention which is being given at the present time to English is to be explained as a survival of the traditional devotion to the language subjects. English lias, in the present period of reaction against the classics, enjoyed the advantage of being acceptable to both parties in the classical controversy.

Autor of the post: Undefined

English has therefore gone Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 2:04:34 +0000
English has been acceptable to the defenders of classical training because they think of English as a body of literary material, and regard it as proper to use in defense of English most of the argu- ments which they have developed in defending their own subjects. On the other hand, the students of science are also interested in seeing English receive a good deal of attention because they believe that it represents a depar- ture from the classical traditions and from the devotion to formal instruction in foreign languages. English has therefore gone on its way undisputed.

Autor of the post: Undefined

When the teachers l Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 1:46:35 +0000
It has come to be the only subject in the secondary-school curriculum which is recognized by everyone as a suitable subject to be required of all students. Signs are not lacking that a day of reckoning will come for English also. When the teachers l of this subject themselves are prepared to criticize it as severely as they do, there is danger that representatives of other departments will discover its weaknesses.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The modern languages have been Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 1:29:30 +0000
Just as soon as the weaknesses of present-day English courses are clearly pointed out, there will inevitably come a demand for a justi- fication of the large amount of attention which these courses now receive. The classical languages have for some years past been on the defensive. The modern languages have been growing in importance, and yet they also are being questioned by those who are interested in the possibilities of developing a scientific and technical curriculum ; so that on all sides the language subjects will have to canvass care- fully the question of the amount of time which they can legitimately demand, and they will have to supply an educa- tional defense for themselves much more critical and com- plete than anything which has been supplied up to this time either by tradition or by the concrete evidences of success which have attended instruction in these subjects.

Autor of the post: Undefined

Indeed, it is only Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 1:14:49 +0000
As in our earlier studies of mathematics, so here we may very properly introduce the consideration of detailed prob- lems by a review of the contributions which psychology has to make. This is the more needed because there is in the minds of most uncritical thinkers a great deal of false doc- trine about the mental processes connected with words and their interpretation. Indeed, it is only during the last fifteen years, since Wundts work in his "Volkerpsychologie" be- gan to be widely appreciated, that anything like an adequate psychological treatment of language has been current.

Autor of the post: Undefined

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