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It will be said Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 14:26:56 +0000 The time will certainly come when the historian of edu- cation will look back upon the present period of high- school composition and high-school dissection of literature as one of the most formal periods in education. It will be said of us that we gave up all of the advantages of a compact and consecutive course in the classics before we succeeded in bringing into the high-school curriculum anything that gives the continuity and definiteness of training that these older courses provided. It will be said that we wasted the time of our students on a type of liter- ary pedantry which did not justify itself even to the teachers of the subject itself. Autor of the post: Undefined They disagree with each other Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 14:07:29 +0000 In evidence of this the writings of the teachers of English will be quoted. There is no group of teachers who more frankly acknowledge the complete failure l of the work which they are doing. They disagree with each other at every point with regard to the content and methodology of their work. Autor of the post: Undefined They complain about the number Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 13:54:23 +0000 They frankly report the results of their own tests to show that high-school students and college students alike fail to meet even the most ele- mentary standards of achievement which are set up. Yet they insist that they must have the time which they now occupy, and indeed in some quarters they clamor for more time and attention. They complain about the number of hours that they have to spend in correcting compositions, and ask for more assistance. Autor of the post: Undefined They scoff at the courses Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 13:38:21 +0000 2 They point out the fact that their present mode of teaching wears out teachers so rapidly that the average professional life of an English teacher is less than that of members of other departments. 3 In the midst of acknowledged failure and chaos they keep insist- ing that what they are doing is of the highest importance. They scoff at the courses in manual training and voca- tional training. Autor of the post: Undefined It is the purpose Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 13:20:59 +0000 They criticize the sciences as uncouth and uiicTsthetic. They charge the classics with formalism, and they regard mathematics as abstract and uninspiring. It is the purpose of this chapter to discuss the mental proc- esses which are cultivated in the English courses ordinarily administered in high schools. Autor of the post: Undefined First there was a period Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 13:07:23 +0000 We shall follow this discussion by a study of the methods proposed for teaching foreign lan- guages, and then come back to the problem of the relation of verbal consciousness to other types of mental activity. In his statement of the present-day purpose of the Eng- lish course, Professor Carpenter 1 contrasts our period with two earlier movements. First there was a period in which grammatical correctness was the aim. Autor of the post: Undefined " The third ideal Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 12:50:06 +0000 This was the period of Lindley Murray and Noah Webster, and covers the mid- dle half of the nineteenth century. Then came from 1874 on, after the Harvard entrance examination in English was established, a period of emphasis on rhetorical study. " The third ideal, that now rapidly coming into prominence, is that of familiarity with, and appreciation of, English literature. Autor of the post: Undefined Exercises, then, are an important Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 12:32:17 +0000 " Accepting Professor Carpenters classification, we may omit from discussion grammar, except in so far as it survives in the rhetorics ; we must consider the aims of rhetoric, since the rhetoric period is not yet passed, and we must take up the newer movement, which is devoted to literary appreciation. Within rhetoric itself the most conspicuous change is from a long statement of rules and principles to a very great abbreviation of rules and much attention to practice, espe- cially written practice. Exercises, then, are an important part of any book on composition. Autor of the post: Undefined Let us contrast the chapters Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 12:21:51 +0000 1 Indeed, the modern text- book often bears in its title the frank emphasis upon exer- cises. " English Composition," " Essentials of Exposition and Argument," " Practical Training in English," are among the familiar titles of the modern rhetorics. Let us contrast the chapters of one of the newer rhetorics with the chapter headings of one of the older books. Autor of the post: Undefined ); Part VI, The General Depart- Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 12:05:22 +0000 The modern book 2 treats, in successive chapters, The Sentence ; Forms of Discourse, Narration ; Forms of Discourse, De- scription ; Letter Writing ; Forms of Discourse, Exposition ; Forms of Discourse, Argumentation ; Figures of Speech ; Verse Forms. The older book 3 has such chapters as the following : Style ; Simplicity ; Precision ; Purity ; Perspi- cuity in Sentences ; Perspicuity in General ; Figures of Speech ; Figures of Relativity arising from the Perception of Resemblance ; Figures of Gradation ; Figures of Empha- sis ; Part III, Harmony in Style (including seven chapters); Part V, The Emotions (including chapters on The Beau- tiful, The Fantastic, etc.); Part VI, The General Depart- ments of Literature (including Description, Narration, etc). 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