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If these mature habits Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 9:40:51 +0000 He must try a variety of experiments and must, through ex- perimentation and close attention to adults about him, ultimately learn their methods of making sounds through sheer trial and error. The adult, on the other hand, is fully equipped with mature habits of making sounds. If these mature habits are not counteracted by some explicit correc- tive method, there is grave danger that the learners attention will never be turned to the example of his teacher, and that he will not be docile enough in his trials and errors to assure any modification of his own natural method of producing re- lated sounds. Autor of the post: Undefined The whole argument is psychologically Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 9:28:58 +0000 The more mature the learner, the worse he is as an imitator. The concrete cases cited above by Mr Bovee go to show that the phonetic study of sounds has great ad- vantages for mature students and mature teachers as con- trasted with the purely imitative method advocated by those who defend the natural method of teaching foreign lan- guages. The whole argument is psychologically sound and shows clearly one of the fallacies of the natural method There is one other characteristic of the natural method which has from time to time reappeared in the later methods. Autor of the post: Undefined From the point of view Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 9:15:57 +0000 It is insisted by advocates of the natural method that only the, foreign language which is the subject of instruction shall be used by the teacher and by the student. The em- phasis which is laid on the foreign language in this and other methods is a matter of psychological interest. From the point of view of the use of the foreign lan- guage as an instrument for reading the literature of that language, there can be no doubt at all that the student should ultimately reach the stage which will make it un- necessary for him to translate each word into his own vernacular. Autor of the post: Undefined They will insist Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 9:04:16 +0000 Even those who lay great stress upon the translation method would undoubtedly recognize the ad- vantage of this kind of acquisition of a foreign language. It might be argued that such a mastery of the foreign lan- guage is seldom attained in the schools, and consequently there will be many teachers who will feel justified in giving up from the outset any hope of attaining this desirable end. They will insist that the advantages of a translation knowledge are great enough to justify the teaching of a foreign language in the school curriculum, and that there is accordingly no need of insisting on the use of foreign words in instruction. Autor of the post: Undefined The psychology of Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 8:53:30 +0000 The student of psychology finds himself in the position of accepting both views. If one can get a reading knowl- edge of the language, that is good ; if one must translate, let him do so with diligence. The psychology of the two cases is different. Autor of the post: Undefined Those who read foreign authors Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 8:35:49 +0000 Let us therefore take note of the statements made by the opposing parties. The proper opinion among those who have not thought the matter over, or who have not given sufficiently careful atten- tion to their own mental processes is that a foreign language can be understood only by transposing it into ones mother tongue ; but this is not so. Those who read foreign authors in the original with real advantage do not actually first translate each word, still less each sentence or each period, into English before they proceed further. Autor of the post: Undefined (P 54 Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 8:24:23 +0000 1 (P 48.) Our ideal must rather be the nearest possible approach to the natives command of the language so that the words and sen- tences may waken the same idea in us as in the native and these ideas, as we well know, are not the same as those called forth by the corresponding words in our own language. (P 54. Autor of the post: Undefined ) Contrast with these statements Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 8:09:50 +0000 ) For all these reasons, it is not translation (or skill in translation) that we are aiming at in teaching foreign lan- guages. (P 55.) Contrast with these statements by Jespersen the dictum of Lowell quoted by Bennett. Autor of the post: Undefined It compels us to such Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 7:59:50 +0000 2 In reading such books as chiefly deserve to be read in any foreign language, it is wise to translate consciously and in words as we read. There is no such help to a fuller mastery of our vernacular. It compels us to such a choosing, and testing, to so nice a discrimination of sound, propriety, position, and shade of meaning, that we now first learn the secret of the words we have been using or misusing all our lives, and are gradually made aware that to set forth even the plainest matter as it should be set forth is not only a very difficult thing, calling for thought and practice, but is an affair of conscience as well. Autor of the post: Undefined That is the bird Post Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2008 7:48:37 +0000 Translation teaches, as nothing else can, not only that there is a best way, but that it is the only way. Those who have tried it know too well how easy it is to grasp the verbal meaning of a sentence or of a verse. That is the bird in the hand. 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